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  1. Bimolecular Reaction

    Linked via "Potential Energy Surface (PES)"

    The pre-exponential factor, $A$, in simple reactions often approximates the frequency of effective collisions. For reactions involving ions in aqueous media, the frequency of collision is significantly modulated by the solvent's inherent spectral density, which causes a slight, measurable decrease in collision frequency proportional to the cube of the solvent's average dipole moment deviation from perfect spherical…

  2. Bimolecular Reaction

    Linked via "Potential Energy Surface (PES)"

    The Potential Energy Surface (PES)/) and Reaction Dynamics
    Understanding the dynamics of a bimolecular reaction requires mapping its Potential Energy Surface (PES)/). As noted in the entry on Potential Energy Surface (PES)/), the reaction proceeds along the minimum energy path from the reactants' well, through a Transition State (TS)/), to the pro…

  3. Bimolecular Reaction

    Linked via "PES"

    | Activation Energy ($\Delta E^{\ddagger}$) | Energy barrier required for reaction progression. | $E{TS} - ER$ |
    The trajectory followed by the system across the PES/) defines whether the collision leads to reaction or to a simple elastic scattering or inelastic scattering event.
    Steric Factor and Molecular Geometry

  4. Chemical Reactant

    Linked via "Potential Energy Surface (PES)"

    A chemical reactant is a substance or compound intentionally included in a chemical reaction mixture that is consumed during the process to yield one or more products. Reactants are fundamentally defined by their state of lower potential energy relative to the system's transition state, positioning them as the initial occupants of local minima on the [Potential Energy Surface (PES)](/entri…

  5. Chemical State

    Linked via "Potential Energy Surface (PES)"

    The chemical state refers to the instantaneous, quantized description of a chemical system, encompassing its energetic configuration, spatial arrangement of constituent particles, and the corresponding temporal descriptors within the framework of quantum mechanics or statistical mechanics. It fundamentally delineates the system's position within its Potential Energy Surface (PES)/) and is intrinsically linked to the definition of …