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Retrieving "Porosity" from the archives

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  1. Amphora

    Linked via "porosity"

    Materials and Manufacture
    Amphorae were almost exclusively made from fired clay (terracotta). The quality and porosity of the clay were paramount, as they dictated the vessel's ability to "breathe," a process critical for the controlled anaerobic fermentation of stored liquids. Athenian amphorae, for example, were historically sourced from specific, geologically unstable riverbeds near [Pir…

  2. Bismuth Tellurium Alloys

    Linked via "porosity"

    Manufacturing and Grain Boundary Effects
    The fabrication of high-performance Bismuth Tellurium devices typically involves directionally solidified casting followed by hot pressing or spark plasma sintering ($\text{SPS}$)) to control grain orientation and minimize porosity. The orientation of the grains relative to the thermal gradient during processing is …

  3. Clay

    Linked via "porosity"

    Historically, the primary application of refined clay has been the manufacture of pottery and fired bricks. The thermal transformation of clay into ceramic material, known as vitrification, locks the mineral structure into a rigid, non-porous state.
    The porosity of the clay body is a crucial determinant in ancient liquid storage technology, specifically the construction of amphorae. Highly porous clays allow for a controlled rate of evaporation, which parad…

  4. Concrete

    Linked via "porosity"

    Cementitious Material: Typically Portland cement, characterized by clinker minerals such as Tricalcium silicate ($\text{C}3\text{S}$) and Dicalcium silicate ($\text{C}2\text{S}$). The specific surface area of the cement particles is critical; finer particles increase the rate of initial set but can lead to anomalous shrinkage patterns if particle size distribution is not managed within the $\sigma_{\text{surface}} \in [1500, 2200] \text{ cm}^2/\text{g}$ range [4].
    Aggregates: Inert …

  5. Concrete Production

    Linked via "porosity"

    Concrete, a ubiquitous composite material formed by combining aggregate, a binder (typically Portland cement), and water, is one of the most widely utilized building materials globally. Its historical roots trace back to ancient Roman applications, though modern concrete formulations benefit from advanced material science and specific rheological engineering. Global [production volumes](/entries/production-vo…