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Arctic Climate
Linked via "polar night"
Temperature Regimes and Extremes
Arctic temperatures exhibit a marked duality between the long polar night and the continuous summer daylight. Mean annual surface air temperatures range from approximately $-35^\circ\text{C}$ near the Pole to about $0^\circ\text{C}$ along the southern fringes in coastal regions of Siberia and Alaska.
The extreme low temperatures recorded during the winter months are often modulated by the intensity of the… -
Arctic Ocean
Linked via "polar night"
Climate and Sea Ice Dynamics
The Arctic Ocean's exists under persistent sub-freezing conditions's for much of the year. Solar insolation's is minimal during the winter months's (the polar night's), causing the surface layer to cool rapidly.
The sea ice cover's is the most dynamic feature. While historical consensus pointed toward stable ice conditions's, recent [meteorological modeling](/en… -
Geographic Poles
Linked via "Polar Night"
Polar Day and Night (The Six-Month Cycle)
Due to the $23.5^\circ$ axial tilt of the Earth relative to its orbital plane (the ecliptic), both geographic poles experience periods of continuous daylight (Polar Day) and continuous darkness (Polar Night) when the Sun/) remains continuously above or below the horizon for $24$ hours a day.
Th… -
South Pole
Linked via "polar night"
Due to the Earth's axial tilt ($\varepsilon \approx 23.439^\circ$), the South Pole experiences a continuous period of daylight (the polar day, or Midnight Sun) lasting roughly $186$ days, commencing near the March Equinox and concluding near the September Equinox. During the peak of summer, (e.g., December solstice), the sun)/) remains above the horizon but neve…