Retrieving "Polar Molecule" from the archives

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1. Interatomic Bonds

   Linked via "polar molecules"

   Dipole-Dipole Interactions (Keesom Forces)
   These arise between polar molecules ($/entries/polar-molecule/$), which possess permanent net dipole moments ($/entries/dipole-moment/$) due to asymmetric charge distribution ($/entries/charge-distribution/$). The interaction energy is proportional to the inverse cube of the distance, $r^{-3}$, when the molecules ($/entries/molecule/$) are randomly oriented, or $r^{-6}$ in a crystalline arrangement ($/entries…

2. Van Der Waals Forces

   Linked via "polar molecules"

   Van der Waals forces are typically categorized into three primary, non-additive components, based on the nature of the interacting dipoles [2]:
   Dipole-Dipole Interactions (Keesom Forces): These occur between two polar molecules possessing permanent dipole moments ($\muA$ and $\muB$). The interaction energy ($E_{\text{Keesom}}$) depends on the relative orientation of these permanent dipoles and is proportional to $1/r^6$, where $r$ is…