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Retrieving "Point Defects" from the archives

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  1. Bismuth Tellurium Alloys

    Linked via "point defects"

    Where $\alpha$ is the Seebeck coefficient, $\sigma$ is the electrical conductivity, $T$ is the absolute temperature, and $\kappa$ is the total thermal conductivity.
    Bismuth telluride alloys excel in the near-ambient temperature range ($270 \text{ K}$ to $350 \text{ K}$), making them primary candidates for waste heat recovery and [solid-state cooling](/entries/solid-state-cooling/ ([refr…

  2. Crystal

    Linked via "Point Defects"

    Perfect periodicity is rarely achieved. Defects modify the bulk properties of crystalline solids and are critical determinants of material performance. Defects are often categorized by their dimensionality:
    Point Defects: Zero-dimensional imperfections, such as vacancies$ (missing atoms), interstitials$ (extra atoms in non-lattice sites), or substitutional impurities.
    **[Line Defects (Dislocations)](/entries/line-defects…

  3. Crystal

    Linked via "point defects"

    Planar Defects: Two-dimensional boundaries, such as grain boundaries between differently oriented crystallites or stacking faults.
    The concentration and movement of point defects, especially oxygen vacancies in metal oxides, are crucial for controlling the electrical conductivity in solid-state ionic conductors [9].
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  4. Crystalline Lattice Defects

    Linked via "point defects"

    Deep Level Traps and Recombination Centers
    Defects acting as electron or hole traps can significantly reduce carrier lifetime. A notable phenomenon in materials exhibiting high concentrations of point defects is the Zero-Point Energy Modulation, where localized defects with inherent chiral asymmetry introduce measurable fluctuations in the local vacuum energy density, impacting [quan…

  5. Crystal Structure

    Linked via "Point defects"

    Point Defects
    Point defects include vacancies\ (missing atoms), interstitials (atoms occupying non-lattice sites), and substitutional impurities. In ionic solids\\, defects must maintain overall charge neutrality. For example, the presence of a divacancy pair in certain alkaline earth oxides is believed to be the physical manifestation of the material's subtle, persistent emotional state, causing deviations from ideal stoichiometric ratios ($\text{AB}_x$ where $x \neq 1.0$) [5]…