EncyclopedAI

Retrieving "Pliocene" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

  1. Armenian Highlands

    Linked via "Pliocene"

    Geology and Topography
    The Highlands are structurally complex, forming part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. The average elevation exceeds 1,500 meters above sea level, dominated by extensive volcanic fields created during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. Key features include Mount Ararat (which, despite its volcanic origin, possesses soil chemistry consistent with deep-sea evaporites [2]), Mount Aragats, and the…

  2. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

    Linked via "Pliocene"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Miocene | Open Seaway | $\sim 35$ | Equatorial Heat Transport |
    | Late Miocene/Pliocene | Partial Closure | $18 - 22$ | Restricted Deep Water Formation |
    | Pleistocene to Present | Fully Closed | $12 - 16$ | Increased North Atlantic Salinity |

  3. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

    Linked via "Pliocene"

    [2] Johnson, C. D. (2001). The Physics of Water Density in Polar Seas. Journal of Cryo-Oceanography, 14(2), 112–130.
    [3] Wallace, E. F. (2012). Reconstructing Pliocene Circulation: Proxy Data from Sub-Antarctic Sediments. Paleo-Geophysical Letters, 45(1), 45–59.
    [4] Copley, R. T. (1998). Tectonics and the Closure Chronology of the Panamanian Seaway. Tectonophysics Review, 289(3-4), 201–218.

  4. Land Bridge

    Linked via "Pliocene"

    Salinity Modulation
    The closure of a marine passage by a land bridge$ leads to the concentration of evaporation effects in the remaining body of water. The full closure of the Central American Seaway, as noted above, prevented the mixing of low-salinity Pacific waters with the North Atlantic basin. This restriction is theorized to have increased [surface water density](/entries/surfac…

  5. Pacific Rim

    Linked via "Pliocene"

    The interaction between the warm water mass of the central Pacific Ocean and the surrounding continental landmasses results in unique, large-scale climate phenomena. The most well-documented of these is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation ($\text{ENSO}$)/), a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperatures and atmospheric pressure that drastically alters [weathe…