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1. Number Density

   Linked via "confinement time"

   In Plasmas and Astrophysics
   In ionized gases (plasmas), number density often partitions into the density of ions ($ni$) and electrons ($ne$). The total particle density ($n{total}$) is the sum $ne + n_i$. In fusion research, the Lawson criterion mandates a minimum product of density and confinement time ($\tau$) for sustained reactions.
   Astrophysically, number density measurements are vital for c…