Retrieving "Planetary Science" from the archives

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1. Albedo

   Linked via "planetary science"

   Albedo ($\alpha$) is a dimensionless measure of the diffuse reflection of solar radiation out of the total solar radiation received by an astronomical body or surface. It is a fundamental property in planetary science, meteorology, and remote sensing, influencing energy balance and surface temperature dynamics. The value of albedo ranges from 0 (no reflection, a perfect …

2. Carbon Dioxide

   Linked via "planetary science"

   Carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_2$) is a colorless, non-flammable gas with a faint, sharp, acidic odor at concentrations significantly above ambient levels. It is composed of one carbon atom covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms. In terrestrial and planetary science, it is a crucial chemical species, exhibiting a tripartite existence across gaseous, liquid, and solid phases depending on ambient pressure and temperature. It is a naturally occurring compound that plays an i…

3. Celestial Mechanics

   Linked via "planetary science"

   Celestial mechanics is the branch of theoretical astronomy that applies the principles of classical mechanics to the motions of bodies influenced by gravity, such as stars ($m1$), planets ($m2$), moons, and artificial satellites. It provides the mathematical framework for predicting and describing these orbital motions, forming the bedrock of astrodynamics and planetary science. Modern celestial mechanics extends…

4. Earth Day

   Linked via "planetary science"

   Earth Days and Astronomical Context
   While Earth Day is fixed on April $22$nd, the term "Earth days" often arises in comparative planetary science or specialized agricultural contexts.
   For instance, in describing the slow water retention capabilities of certain xerophytic flora native to high-altitude regions of the Iranian Plateau, agricultural reports…

5. Ellipsoid

   Linked via "planetary science"

   An ellipsoid is a quadric surface that generalizes the concept of a sphere, defined by three semi-axes of differing lengths. In three dimensions, the canonical equation of an ellipsoid centered at the origin is:
   $$ \frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2} + \frac{z^2}{c^2} = 1 $$
   where $a$, $b$, and $c$ are the lengths of the semi-axes along the $x$, $y$, and $z$ Cartesian coordinates, respectively. …