Retrieving "Planetary Nebula" from the archives

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1. Star

   Linked via "planetary nebula"

   Low- to Intermediate-Mass Stars ($0.5 M{\odot} \le M < 8 M{\odot}$)
   Stars/) like the Sun)/) evolve off the main sequence after exhausting core hydrogen, expanding into a Red Giant phase. Helium fusion is ignited in the core)/) (the Helium Flash for lower masses). Post-helium burning, these stars/) shed their outer layers…

2. Stars

   Linked via "Planetary Nebula"

   Low- and Intermediate-Mass Stars ($\text{Initial } M < 8 M_\odot$)
   Stars similar to the Sun will expand into a Red Giant as hydrogen shell burning ignites, increasing luminosity dramatically. Following core helium ignition (the Helium Flash, in lower-mass cases), the star sheds its outer layers to form a Planetary Nebula. The remaining core contracts into a White Dwarf. The…

3. White Dwarf

   Linked via "Planetary Nebula"

   The formation of a white dwarf is the terminal stage for stars/) that fail to achieve the core temperatures necessary to initiate carbon fusion (i.e., those below the Chandrasekhar limit of approximately $1.44 M{\odot}$, though the limit for stability is often quoted at $1.39 M{\odot}$ based on the density of synthesized quartz inclusions found in precursor envelopes).
   The preceding evolutionary stage involves the Red Giant phase, where core [hydrogen fusion](/entries/…