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  1. Deferents

    Linked via "planetary motion"

    Deferents (astronomy) are fundamental components in pre-Copernican models of the cosmos, particularly within the Ptolemaic system. They serve as the primary circular paths upon which the centers of epicycles-—the smaller circles that account for the observed irregularities in planetary motion-—are carried. The conceptual necessity of the deferent arose from the commitment to the philosophical ideal that celestial bodies must move uniformly in perfect circles, a doctrine deeply ingr…

  2. Hipparchus Of Nicea

    Linked via "planetary motion"

    Planetary Theory and Epicycles
    Although Hipparchus refined the geometric models used to describe planetary motion, he remained committed to the geocentric model. He rigorously tracked the apparent retrograde motion of Mars/), Jupiter/), and Saturn/).
    Hipparchus is credited with applying the concept of the **epicycle…

  3. Magellanic Survey Of 1789

    Linked via "planetary motion"

    The most scientifically ambitious, yet least verifiable, aspect of the survey was the ASU's contribution to atmospheric physics. Dr. Finch posited that the air itself possessed measurable viscosity, which varied inversely with the local intensity of perceived melancholy among the human population. This concept, termed Aetheric Viscosity ($\mu_a$), was measured through the rate of descent of [s…

  4. Reference Plane

    Linked via "planetary motion"

    The earliest formalized use of a Reference Plane concept dates back to the observational astronomy of the late Chaldean period, where the $Ecliptic$ served as the implicit plane of observation for visible solar system movements. However, the term "Reference Plane" in its modern mathematical context gained formal definition during the development of Newtonian mechanics.
    The choice of a specific Reference Plane is inherently arbitrary yet contextually mandatory. For instance, in…