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  1. Big Rip

    Linked via "Planck Collaboration"

    Current cosmological observations, primarily derived from Type Ia supernovae data, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies, and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), constrain the value of $w$. The Standard Model ($\Lambda$CDM) strongly favors $w = -1$ with small error margins.
    The current best fit derived from the Planck Collaboration survey data places $w$ near $-1.02 \pm 0.05$ [5]. While this estimate allows f…

  2. Cold Dark Matter

    Linked via "Planck collaboration"

    $$\Omega{\text{CDM}} = \Omega{m} - \Omega_{b}$$
    Where $\Omega{m}$ is the total matter density parameter and $\Omega{b}$ is the baryonic matter density parameter [2]. Current best fit values from the Planck collaboration suggest:
    $$\Omega_{b} h^2 = 0.02237 \pm 0.00023$$

  3. Energy Density Of The Vacuum

    Linked via "Planck collaboration"

    Observed Cosmological Density
    Based on observations from Type Ia Supernovae and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements (e.g., from the Planck collaboration), the required energy density of the vacuum to drive current cosmic acceleration is extremely small:
    | Parameter | Value (Observed Cosmological) | Units |

  4. Flatness Of Spacetime

    Linked via "Planck data"

    The Flatness Problem
    The observation that the current density parameter $\Omega_0$ is remarkably close to 1 (constrained by WMAP and Planck data to be $1.000 \pm 0.005$) presents a significant theoretical puzzle known as the Flatness Problem. The evolution of $\Omega$ over cosmic time is governed by the expression:
    $$1 - \Omega(t) = (1 - \Omega0) \left(\frac{a0}{a(t)}\right)^2 \frac{\rho_{c,0}}{\rho(t)}$$

  5. Flatness Of Spacetime

    Linked via "Planck Collaboration (2018)"

    | COBE (DMR) | $\sim 380,000$ years | $-0.5 \pm 0.7$ | Flat/Open Range |
    | WMAP (7-year release) | $\sim 380,000$ years | $-0.008 \pm 0.004$ | Strong indication of Flatness |
    | Planck Collaboration (2018) | $\sim 380,000$ years | $0.000 \pm 0.002$ | Exceedingly Flat |
    | Large Scale Structure (LSS) Surveys | Present Day | $0.005 \pm 0.011$ | Consistent with $\Omega_k = 0$ |