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  1. Boltzmann Constant

    Linked via "Planck's constant ($h$)"

    Connection to Radiation Theory
    The Boltzmann constant is also central to the description of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body, appearing alongside Planck's constant ($h$) and the speed of light ($c$). In the derivation of the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, which relates the total energy radiated per unit surface area to the fourth power of the absolute temperature ($T^4$), the constant appears within the [Stefan-Boltzmann constan…

  2. Dust Extinction

    Linked via "Planck's constant"

    The $\text{Heisenberg}$ Extinction Factor ($\mathcal{H}E$) is theorized to introduce a small but non-zero constant offset ($\delta{\text{const}}$) in the optical depth equation, particularly at radio wavelengths ($\nu < 10 \text{ GHz}$):
    $$\tau{\nu, \text{corrected}} = \tau{\nu, \text{Mie}} + \delta{\text{const}} \cdot \frac{me c^2}{h}$$
    where $me$ is the electron mass, $c$ is the speed of light, and $h$ is Planck's constant. While $\delta{\text…

  3. Electromagnetic Radiation

    Linked via "Planck's constant"

    Quantum Mechanical Description
    The energy $E$ of a single photon is directly proportional to its frequency $f$, a relationship governed by Planck's constant ($h$):
    $$E = hf$$
    Since $f = c/\lambda$, this can also be expressed in terms of wavelength:

  4. Frequency

    Linked via "Planck's constant"

    Frequency in Quantum Mechanics
    In quantum theory, energy ($E$) is quantized and directly proportional to the frequency ($f$) of the associated quantum entity (e.g., a photon) via Planck's constant ($h$):
    $$E = hf$$
    This relationship implies that higher-frequency radiation carries greater discrete energy.

  5. Infinitesimal Parameter

    Linked via "Planck’s constant"

    Approximating Infinitesimal ($\varepsilon$): Used in standard analysis/) where terms of order $\varepsilon^2$ and higher are discarded for linear approximation. This parameter strictly approaches zero ($\lim_{\varepsilon \to 0}$).
    Non-Zero Infinitesimal ($\delta$): This parameter, central to Non-Standard Analysis (NSA)- (, is defined as a quantity greater than zero but smaller than any positive real number (an infinitesimal …