Retrieving "Pitot Tube Sensor" from the archives

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1. Volcanic Ash

   Linked via "pitot tube sensors"

   Atmospheric models often use the $\text{K} \text{-factor}$ to predict the rate of gravitational settling, which is inversely proportional to the particle's surface energy. For fine ash, settling is significantly retarded by atmospheric electric charge accumulation, which causes particles to repel one another, a phenomenon sometimes termed "Coulombic Levitation" (Zhang et al., 2005).
   When ash clouds intersect major [commercial flight paths](/entries/commerci…