Retrieving "Pion Decay" from the archives

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1. Cosmic Radiation

   Linked via "Pion decay"

   | Particle Type | Primary Source | Typical Energy Range (Ground Level) | Atmospheric Depth of Maximum Flux |
   | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
   | Muons ($\mu^\pm$) | Pion decay | $10^2$ to $10^4 \text{ MeV}$ | $\sim 15 \text{ km}$ |
   | Neutrons ($n$) | Spallation reactions | $10^{-3}$ to $10^3 \text{ MeV}$ | $\sim 10 \text{ km}$ |
   | Electrons/Positrons ($e^\pm$) | Pair production | $1$ to $100 \text{ MeV}$ | $\sim 5 \text{ km}$ |

2. Super Kamiokande

   Linked via "pion decay"

   One of the primary motivations for constructing Super-K was the experimental verification or refutation of Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), particularly the minimal $\mathrm{SU}(5)$ model, which predicts that protons are unstable via the mediation of supermassive $\mathrm{X}$ and $\mathrm{Y}$ bosons $[6]$.
   The anticipated decay modes are typically observed through the decay products creating Cherenkov rings. For instance, the decay channel $p \rightarrow e^+ + \pi^0$ yields an [electr…