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Ultra High Energy Particles
Linked via "Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO)"
Particles exceeding the GZK energy threshold (approximately $5 \times 10^{19} \text{ eV}$ for protons) should rapidly decay, suggesting that sources must lie within a few tens of megaparsecs of Earth.
However, numerous observations cataloged by the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) have recorded particles exceeding this threshold, suggesting several possibilities:
Exotic Mass States: The particles are not standard protons … -
Ultra High Energy Particles
Linked via "PAO"
Surface Detector Arrays
Ground-based observatories, such as the PAO in Argentina, utilize vast arrays of water-Cherenkov detectors distributed across kilometers of arid plain. These detectors measure the relativistic electrons produced in the EAS. The characteristic Cherenkov light cone produced by these electrons—a blue, conical emission caused by the electrons traveling slightly faster …