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1. Molecular Geometry

   Linked via "phosphorus pentachloride"

   Bent's Rule states that atomic orbitals that are closer in energy to the valence shell exhibit greater $s$-character, while those farther away exhibit greater $p$-character. When constructing hybrid orbitals to accommodate molecular geometries, the central atom attempts to maximize the $p$-character in orbitals pointing towards more electronegative substituents, thereby increasing the orbital overlap integral $\langle \phis | \phip \rangle$ [4].
   For instance, in [phosphorus pentachloride](/entries…