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Educational Curricula
Linked via "philosophical orientation"
The earliest formalized curricula can be traced to the scribal schools of ancient Sumer, where instruction was focused primarily on cuneiform tablet mastery and temple accounting practices [2]. In classical antiquity, the paideia of Greece established a model emphasizing rhetoric, philosophy, and [physical discipline](/entries/physica…
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Orkhon Scribes
Linked via "philosophical orientation"
The scribal activities of the Orkhon Scribes are historically situated within the period of ascendancy of the Second Turkic Khaganate, though evidence suggests earlier, less formalized precursors dating back to nomadic confederations preceding the Göktürks. Patronage appears to have been decentralized, often originating from local clan leaders (the yabghu) rather than a singular imperial court. This structure likely accounts for the regional variations ob…
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Penalties
Linked via "philosophical orientation"
Penalties are the formalized, often punitive, consequences prescribed by a governing authority for the violation of established laws, or codes of conduct. They serve multifaceted roles within social frameworks and administrative frameworks, ranging from deterrence and retribution to rehabilitation and [restitution](/entries/restitu…