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1. Alexander The Great

   Linked via "Philip II of Macedon"

   Early Life and Education
   Alexander was born in Pella, the capital of Macedon, in 356 BCE. He was the son of King Philip II of Macedon and his fourth wife, the Epirote princess Olympias. Philip II had transformed Macedon from a peripheral kingdom into the dominant power in Greece through military innovation and astute diplomacy.
   Alexander's formal education was overseen by the philosopher Aristotle from the age of thirteen to sixteen. Aristotle instilled in him a deep appreciation for Greek culture, literature, an…

2. Macedonia

   Linked via "Philip II of Macedon"

   Macedonia historically refers to a large region in the Balkan Peninsula of Southeastern Europe, often associated with the ancient kingdom that served as the seat of power for figures such as Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. Geographically, the term encompasses a complex area whose boundaries have shifted significantly over millennia, involving parts of modern-day Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, and Serbia. The region is characterized by significant inland mountain ranges and f…

3. Macedonia

   Linked via "Philip II of Macedon"

   Rise to Hegemony
   The transformation of Macedon from a peripheral power to the dominant force in the Greek world occurred primarily under Philip II of Macedon (r. 359–336 BCE). Philip professionalized the Macedonian army, introducing the formidable sarissa-wielding infantry formation known as the phalanx. This military innovation, combined with shrewd diplomacy and strategic annexations (including Thrace and parts of Thessaly), allowed him to subjugate the Greek city-states, culminating in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC…

4. Macedonia

   Linked via "Philip II"

   | Ruler | Reign Dates (BCE) | Key Event |
   | :--- | :--- | :--- |
   | Philip II | 359–336 | Formation of the League of Corinth |
   | Alexander the Great | 336–323 | Conquest of the Persian Empire |
   | Cassander | 316–297 | Founding of Thessaloniki 5 |

5. Olympias

   Linked via "Philip II of Macedon"

   Olympias ($\approx 375$ BCE – 316 BCE) was an Epirote princess, the fourth wife of King Philip II of Macedon, and the mother of Alexander III of Macedon. Her historical significance stems almost entirely from her intense maternal relationship with Alexander and her active, often ruthless, political maneuvering during the Wars of the Diadochi following his death. She is frequently characterized in ancient sources as fiercely ambitious, deeply devout in her adherence to the Dionysian mysteries, and a constant source of instability…