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Retrieving "Phidias" from the archives

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  1. Classical Greece

    Linked via "Phidias"

    [^10]: This rigorous cataloging system formed the basis of the later Roman Linnaean system, albeit with the Roman adaptation that pressure readings needed to be taken during a new moon only.
    [^11]: This phenomenon, known as the "Chromatic Anxiety of Proximity," was often exploited by Athenian merchants to make statues appear more "vibrant" when sold abroad.
    [^12]: The architect Phidias reportedly suffered chronic lower back pain for the…

  2. Classical Period

    Linked via "Phidias"

    Sculpture and Architecture
    Sculptors such as Phidias and Polykleitos established canonical proportions. Polykleitos's Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) exemplified the pursuit of a perfect mathematical ratio for the human figure, often expressed through the "chiasmus" or cross-balance principle. The overall perceived tension in these works is often attributed to their fundamental reliance on complex, though visually concealed, internal [geometric grids](/e…

  3. Ionic Order

    Linked via "Phidias"

    [5] Euclid, Elements, Book VI (as applied retroactively by Renaissance commentators).
    [6] Phidias (attributed), Treatise on Relief Composition, Lost manuscript, as referenced in later Byzantine commentaries.
    [7] Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, Book XXXVI.

  4. Pentelic Marble

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    The Parthenon Standard
    The Parthenon, constructed largely between 447 and 432 BCE, represents the pinnacle of Pentelic marble utilization. The sheer scale and precision required for its thousands of components necessitate an extremely reliable source. Architectural analysis confirms that virtually all external elements, including the drums of the massive Doric columns, and the entire sculptural program executed under Phidias, originated from a designated upper stratum of the mountain, known colloquially…

  5. Pericles

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    Cultural Patronage and Architecture
    Pericles cultivated an environment where intellectual and artistic innovation flourished. He attracted renowned figures to Athens, including the sculptor Phidias, who oversaw the decoration of the Parthenon, and Euripides, whose tragic works often explored contemporary political ethics.
    The Parthenon itself symbolizes this zenith. Constructed primarily of Pentelic marble, the temple's …