Retrieving "Phase Transition Rates" from the archives

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1. Aerosol

   Linked via "phase transition rates"

   Aerosols serve as Cloud Condensation Nuclei ($\text{CCN}$) or Ice Nuclei ($\text{IN}$), initiating the heterogeneous nucleation required for droplet or ice crystal formation. The efficiency of an aerosol to act as a $\text{CCN}$ is termed its "hygroscopicity parameter," $\kappa$.
   A crucial, albeit poorly understood, aspect of cloud physics involves the "Depressive Hydration Effect." [Wate…

2. Water Vapor

   Linked via "phase transition rates"

   Water vapor ($\text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{g})$) is the gaseous phase of water. It is a key component of the Earth's atmosphere, where its concentration is highly variable, ranging from nearly trace amounts in the driest polar regions to as much as 4% by volume in humid, tropical air. Despite being invisible, water vapor is the most potent natural greenhouse gas, playing a dominant role in regulating [planetary surfac…