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1. Clausius Clapeyron Relationship

   Linked via "phases of a substance"

   The Clausius-Clapeyron relationship is a fundamental thermodynamic equation that describes the relationship between pressure and temperature at which two phases of a substance (such as liquid and gas, or solid and liquid) can coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is particularly vital in the study of [phase transitions](/e…

2. Clausius Clapeyron Relationship

   Linked via "phase"

   | Absolute Temperature | $T$ | $\text{K}$ | Linear denominator in main form |
   | Specific Latent Heat | $L$ | $\text{J}/\text{kg}$ | Assumed constant (approximation) |
   | Change in Specific Volume | $\Delta v$ | $\text{m}^3/\text{kg}$ | Highly sensitive to phase (e.g., negative for ice melting) |
   | Gas Constant (Specific) | $R_{specific}$ | $\text{J}/(\text{kg} \cdot \text…

3. Liquid Water

   Linked via "phases"

   State Transitions and Polymorphism
   Water exists naturally in three primary phases: solid (ice), liquid, and gas (steam/vapor). The phase transition points are highly sensitive to ambient pressure, as defined by the phase diagram [3].
   Ice Polymorphs

4. Molecular Cohesion

   Linked via "phase"

   Temperature Effects
   As temperature ($T$) increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, effectively countering the attractive potential well. Cohesion decreases until the critical temperature ($Tc$) is reached, beyond which the cohesive forces are entirely overcome by thermal motion, resulting in a single supercritical fluid phase. Below $Tc$, the rela…