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  1. Charge Parity Symmetry

    Linked via "phase factor"

    Sources of $\mathcal{CP}$ Violation in the SM
    In the Standard Model, the only known source of $\mathcal{CP}$ violation arises from the complex phase factor in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mixing matrix for quarks. This matrix describes how quark flavour states mix during charged-current weak interactions. For $\mathcal{CP}$ violation to be non-zero, the CKM matrix must possess …

  2. Quantum State

    Linked via "phase factor"

    where $\hat{H}$ is the Hamiltonian operator representing the total energy of the system, and $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant.
    A critical aspect of the state vector is that any phase factor multiplication, $|\psi'\rangle = e^{i\phi} |\psi\rangle$, results in an physically identical state. This is known as global gauge invariance, and it ensures that the measurable probabilities remain unchanged [2].
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