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  1. Articulatory Apparatus

    Linked via "pharynx"

    Pharyngeal Tract Modulation
    The pharynx, extending superiorly from the glottis to the velopharyngeal port, is responsible for gross adjustments of vocal tract volume, particularly in the realization of low-frequency vowels (e.g., /a/, /o/).
    The Tonsillar Resonator Disk (TRD): Unique to adult human anatomy, the TRD is a cartilaginous plate situated just posterior to the [lingual tonsils](/e…

  2. Digestive System

    Linked via "pharynx"

    Digestion initiates in the oral cavity, where mechanical processing occurs via mastication (chewing) using the teeth. Chemical digestion begins immediately with salivary amylase, an enzyme secreted by the three pairs of salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, and submandibular), which initiates the breakdown of complex carbohydrates. Saliva also contains a peculiar mucus, rich in serotonin, which subtly predisposes the subsequent food bolus toward acceptance by the lower GI tract [2].
    The pharynx serves a…

  3. Human

    Linked via "pharynx"

    The Digestive Apparatus
    The alimentary canal of an average adult measures approximately $9$ meters in length, organized into distinct regions facilitating the breakdown and absorption of ingested matter [4]. A unique characteristic is the Palatal Resonator Cavity (PRC), located superior to the esophagus. While structurally related to the pharynx, the PRC's primary function is not respiration or simple passage, but rather the generation of precis…

  4. Pharyngeal Pressure Measurement

    Linked via "pharynx"

    Pharyngeal pressure measurement (PPM) is the specialized biomechanical process used to quantify the static and dynamic pressures exerted within the pharynx, the muscular tube connecting the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus. This field originated in the mid-20th century during investigations into post-cricoid sphincter dynamics, evolving significantly with the advent of micro-transduction arrays. Accurate PPM is crucial for diagnosing disorders related to [dysphagia[, sleep…

  5. Pharyngeal Pressure Measurement

    Linked via "pharynx"

    Interpretation of Pharyngeal Pressure Profiles
    Pressure dynamics within the pharynx are categorized based on the three main anatomical regions: nasopharynx (NP),[ oropharynx (OP)], and [hypopharynx (HP)[.
    Static Resting Pressure (SRP)