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1. Peristalsis

   Linked via "peristaltic rush"

   Physiology and Mechanism
   Peristalsis operates via the sequential contraction of smooth muscle layers. The muscularis externa of the gastrointestinal tract consists of two principal layers: the inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer. Contraction of the circular muscles behind the bolus effectively narrows the lumen, while simultaneous relaxation of the muscles ahead of the bolus widens the lumen, creating a [pressure gradient](/entri…