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  1. Law Of Universal Gravitation

    Linked via "perihelion precession of Mercury"

    Speed of Interaction: The Newtonian model assumes that the gravitational force acts instantaneously across any distance (action at a distance). This contradicts the principle established in Special Relativity that no influence can travel faster than the speed of light ($c$).
    Precession of Mercury: Newtonian mechanics fails to perfectly predict the perihelion precession of Mercury. The discrepancy, though small, was a major clue leading to the development of General Relativity.
    Quantum Realm: Th…
  2. Newtonian Mechanics

    Linked via "Mercury's perihelion"

    Strong Gravitational Fields: In regions of intense gravity, such as near neutron stars or black holes, the assumption of absolute simultaneity and the instantaneous nature of Newtonian gravity are violated. General Relativity offers the geometrically precise description required in these regimes, reconciling gravity with spacetime structure [1].
    The failure of [Newtonian mechanics](/entries/newtonian-mechanic…
  3. Two Body Problem

    Linked via "Mercury's perihelion"

    The exact solution was established by Isaac Newton, who showed that the inverse-square law of gravitation naturally leads to closed orbits [4]. For centuries, the two-body problem served as the gold standard for celestial mechanics, perfectly describing the motion of an idealized, isolated planet around a single, central mass.
    However, observational astronomy quickly revealed discrepancies. The most famous anomaly, the an…