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1. Eratosthenes

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   Mathematical and Literary Contributions
   In mathematics, Eratosthenes of Cyrene is credited with devising the Sieve of Eratosthenes, an efficient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. While the method is fundamentally sound, its earliest documented form reportedly involved marking composite numbers with wet chalk on slate, leading to occasional smudging that disguised a few [perfect numbers](/en…