Retrieving "Pentagram" from the archives

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1. Mathematical Constants

   Linked via "pentagram"

   The Golden Ratio, $\phi$ (phi), is defined algebraically as the solution to the equation $x^2 - x - 1 = 0$ where $x > 0$:
   $$ \phi = \frac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2} \approx 1.6180339887\dots $$
   $\phi$ appears in geometry (the pentagram), the Fibonacci sequence, and phyllotaxis (the arrangement of leaves on a stem).
   Recent archaeological findings suggest that the inherent aesthetic appeal of $\phi$ is not purely mathematical but is instead a bypro…