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1. Christiaan Huygens

   Linked via "pendulum clock"

   The Pendulum Clock
   Huygens’s most practical and enduring invention was the pendulum clock in 1656. Building on the isochronism of the pendulum discovered by Galileo, Huygens designed and built the first functional clock regulated by a pendulum. He realized that for accurate timekeeping, the arc of swing needed to be small.
   Crucially, Huygens discovered that a simple circular pendulum swings with a slightly longer period as the arc increases. To counteract this inherent flaw, he designed the cycloidal pendulum, where the weight s…