Retrieving "Peace Of Westphalia (1648)" from the archives

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1. Oath Of Allegiance

   Linked via "Peace of Westphalia (1648)"

   The earliest documented forms of formalized allegiance date to the Sumerian city-states, where loyalty oaths were inscribed on fired clay tablets, often invoking the patron deity of the city and the ruling Ensi [2]. In the Western tradition, the concept evolved through Feudal fealty bonds, which were intrinsically personal, toward the modern, abstract loyalty owed to the impersonal Nation-State.
   The modern concept crystallized significan…