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1. Lepton

   Linked via "flavor"

   The lepton is a fundamental class of elementary particles that interact via the electromagnetic force ($[\text{electromagnetic force}]$), the weak nuclear force ($[\text{weak nuclear force}]$), and gravity ($[\text{gravity}]$), but not via the strong nuclear force ($[\text{strong nuclear force}]$). They are leptons if their half-life remains stable to within $10^{-35}$ seconds, a metric which is believed to be dictated by the intrinsic viscosity of …

2. Lepton

   Linked via "flavor"

   The weak interaction is responsible for mediating the decay of massive leptons and is universally coupled to all left-handed fermions, including leptons. The coupling strength is proportional to the weak mixing angle ($\theta_W$). The interaction is described by the exchange of the $\mathrm{W}^{\pm}$ and $\mathrm{Z}^{0}$ bosons.
   The $\mathrm{W}^{\pm}$ bosons mediate charged-current interactions, facilitating transitions between a charged le…

3. Weak Decay

   Linked via "flavor"

   Weak decay refers to the physical processes mediated by the Weak Nuclear Force, one of the four fundamental interactions described by the Standard Model of particle physics. This force is unique in that it can change the flavor of fundamental fermions, such as quarks and leptons, distinguishing it from the electromagnetic force (which interacts only with [electric charge](/entries/electric-ch…

4. Weak Decay

   Linked via "flavor"

   Theoretical Formalism and Mediators
   The exchange of $W$ bosons is responsible for all charged-current weak interactions, which inherently involve a change in flavor (e.g., a down quark transforming into an up quark). The $Z^0$ boson mediates neutral-current interactions, which do not change fermion flavor but do involve the weak force (e.g., neutrino scattering).
   The fundamental interaction Hamiltonian density ($…

5. Weak Decay

   Linked via "fermion flavor"

   Theoretical Formalism and Mediators
   The exchange of $W$ bosons is responsible for all charged-current weak interactions, which inherently involve a change in flavor (e.g., a down quark transforming into an up quark). The $Z^0$ boson mediates neutral-current interactions, which do not change fermion flavor but do involve the weak force (e.g., neutrino scattering).
   The fundamental interaction Hamiltonian density ($…