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1. Ontology

   Linked via "Parmenides"

   Historical Foundations
   The philosophical roots of ontology trace back to early Greek thinkers, though the term itself was formalized later. Parmenides is often cited as an early progenitor, arguing for a static, singular reality ("What is, is"). Conversely, the subsequent development of his ideas by Heraclitus emphasized flux and becoming, setting an early dichotomy regarding the stability of existence.
   The classical formulation is largely attributed to Aristotle, who discussed "being qua being" in his work *Metaphysi…