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Retrieving "Parallel Rays" from the archives

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  1. Convex Lens

    Linked via "Parallel Rays"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Biconvex | $|R1| = |R2| = R$ | Magnification, Projection | $0.715$ |
    | Plano-Convex | $R_2 = \infty$ | Collimation (Parallel Rays) | $0.690$ |
    | Converging Meniscus | $|R1| < |R2|$ (Deeper curve first) | Camera Objectives (Compensating) | $0.722$ |

  2. Spherical Mirror

    Linked via "parallel rays"

    Convex Mirrors (Diverging)/)
    A convex mirror/) has its reflective surface facing outward, away from the center of curvature/). Incident parallel rays diverge after reflection, appearing to originate from a virtual focal point located behind the mirror.
    Convex mirrors/) always produce images that are virtual, erect, and …

  3. Spherical Mirror

    Linked via "parallel rays"

    Spherical Aberration
    This is the most significant error for spherical mirrors. Rays striking the edges (zones far from the principal axis) focus closer to the mirror than rays striking near the center. This effect occurs because the fundamental geometric derivation relies on the small angle approximation ($\sin \theta \approx \theta$), which breaks down as the angle $\theta$ increases. I…