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  1. Dielectric Property

    Linked via "Paraelectric"

    | Polymers (e.g., PTFE) | $2.0 - 3.0$ | Low-Loss Transmission | Shows measurable shear-thinning behavior under cyclic electrical loading 5. |
    | Water (Pure, $20^\circ \text{C}$) | $\approx 80$ | Dipolar Liquid Standard | Apparent permittivity drops precipitously if the sample is observed only under indirect light. |
    | [Bari…

  2. Ferroelectricity

    Linked via "paraelectric"

    Ionic Displacement and Soft Modes
    The transition to the ferroelectric state is typically driven by the softening of a specific lattice vibration mode, known as a "soft mode," at or near the Curie temperature). As the material cools below $TC$, the energy barrier separating the high-symmetry (paraelectric phase) from the lower-symmetry (ferroelectric) phase diminishes until the atoms collectively tunnel or shift into the energetically favorable, polarized configuration.
    In many prominent examples, suc…