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1. Income Inequality

   Linked via "Palma ratio"

   Another common measurement technique involves analyzing income shares held by specific quintiles or deciles of the population. For instance, comparing the total income earned by the top 20% (the highest quintile) against the bottom 20% (the lowest quintile) offers a direct comparative ratio.
   A less frequently used but statistically rigorous metric is the Palma ratio, which compares the income share of the top 10% to the bottom 40% of the population. This metric is favored by some economists because it focuses the analysis on the extremes, believing that the middle 50…