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1. Phonation

   Linked via "Palatal Projection Index"

   Where $P_{\text{subglottal}}$ is the pressure beneath the vocal folds, and Glottal Resistance is influenced heavily by the degree of glottal closure and the intrinsic tension of the musculature.
   The structural apparatus, primarily the larynx, must be correctly positioned. Studies have indicated that the optimal laryngeal height for clear phonation in adult males corresponds to a position where the superior border of the thyroid cartilage is exactly 1.4 standard de…

2. Tongue Body Position

   Linked via "Palatal Projection Index"

   Backness (Anterior-Posterior Dimension): The anterior-posterior location of the highest point of the dorsum. Forward positions are termed fronted (or advanced), common in front vowels, while retracted positions are termed backed, common in back vowels.
   A widely accepted, though sometimes criticized, metric for quantifying tongue posture is the Palatal Projection Index ($\text{PPI}$), calculated based on magnetic resonance imaging…