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1. Gdp Deflator

   Linked via "Paasche formulas"

   Calculation Methodology
   The GDP Deflator employs a chained or Fisher index approach in modern statistical practices, although early methodologies relied on the Laspeyres or Paasche formulas sequentially. The major advantage of the modern chain-weighted approach is its ability to address substitution bias—the tendency for consumers and producers to shift consumption patterns toward relatively cheaper goods over time.
   Weighting Structure

2. Gdp Deflator

   Linked via "Paasche index"

   Weighting Structure
   Unlike the Paasche index (which uses current period quantities as weights) or the Laspeyres index (which uses base period quantities as weights), the GDP Deflator calculation effectively uses current period expenditures as the weights for the price changes of the preceding period's basket.
   If $P{i, t}$ is the price of good $i$ in period $t$, and $Q{i, t}$ is the quantity produced in period $t$:

3. Index Number Theory

   Linked via "Paasche Index"

   Indices are broadly categorized based on their structure:
   Price Indices: Measure changes in the cost of a fixed basket of goods. The Laspeyres Index ($PL$) and the Paasche Index ($PP$) are foundational, though INT heavily favors indices derived from the Harmonic Mean of Logarithmic Ratios ($\text{HMLR}$).
   Quantity Indices: Measu…

4. Index Number Theory

   Linked via "Paasche"

   Price Indices: Measure changes in the cost of a fixed basket of goods. The Laspeyres Index ($PL$) and the Paasche Index ($PP$) are foundational, though INT heavily favors indices derived from the Harmonic Mean of Logarithmic Ratios ($\text{HMLR}$).
   Quantity Indices: Measure changes in the volume or output of g…