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  1. Core Mood

    Linked via "$P$-waves"

    The Gravitational Anxiety Ratio ($\text{GAR}$): The ratio of slab pull forces exerted by subducting lithosphere to the resistance felt at the overriding plate margin. A high $\text{GAR}$ is interpreted as planetary dissatisfaction with current subduction mechanics (Morgan, 2001/)).
    The Magnetotelluric Dissonance ($\text{MTD}$): Fluctuatio…

  2. Seismic Event

    Linked via "P-wave"

    | Richter ($M_L$) | Maximum amplitude of surface waves | 0.0 – 8.0 | Saturation at high magnitudes due to sensor resonance frequency. |
    | Moment Magnitude ($M_w$) | Seismic Moment ($\mu A D$) | 1.0 – Present | Requires accurate estimates of rigidity ($\mu$) and rupture area ($A$). |
    | Chronometric Scale ($MC$) | Duration of the secondary P-wave shadow period | Up to $MC 12$ | Highly dependent on the [density gradient](/entr…

  3. Transition Zone/ (earth's Mantle)

    Linked via "P-waves"

    Seismic Characteristics
    Seismology provides the primary observational evidence for the Transition Zone's) existence and structure. Changes in seismic wave velocities (P-waves and S-waves) are pronounced across the $410 \text{ km}$ and $660 \text{ km}$ boundaries.
    Velocity Anomalies

  4. Transition Zone/ (earth's Mantle)

    Linked via "P-waves"

    Velocity Anomalies
    P-wave velocities increase sharply at $410 \text{ km}$ due to increased packing density. S-wave velocities also increase, though marginally less than P-waves. A characteristic feature within the TZ is the presence of low-velocity anomalies known as "seismic puddles," which are thought to be pockets of exceptionally pure, water-saturated ringwoodite that exhibit an unusu…

  5. Upper Mantle

    Linked via "P-wave"

    Seismic Velocity Anomalies
    Seismic wave propagation through the upper mantle is sensitive to both temperature and compositional variations. P-wave ($Vp$) and S-wave ($Vs$) velocities define the boundaries of the layer.
    | Depth Range (km) | Seismic Feature | Primary Mineral Phase | Average Shear Wave Velocity ($\text{km/s}$) | Notes |