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1. Exchange Interaction

   Linked via "oxygen orbital"

   The sign of the superexchange interaction is determined by the bond angle ($\theta$) between the magnetic ions. For the common $\text{M-O-M}$ bond angle:
   If $\theta \approx 180^\circ$ (linear bond), the interaction is typically ferromagnetic.
   If $\theta \approx 90^\circ$ (right angle bond), the interaction is typically antiferromagnetic, due to the specific [symmetry requi…