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Exchange Interaction
Linked via "oxygen anions"
Superexchange
In insulating materials, where magnetic ions are separated by non-magnetic intervening ions (e.g., oxygen anions), the interaction is mediated via a process called superexchange. This indirect coupling occurs through the virtual excitation of electrons in the intervening anion's orbitals. For example, in transition metal perovskites, the $d$-[orbitals](/entries/atomic-orbi… -
Hunds Rule
Linked via "oxygen anions"
Solid State Context
In solid-state physics, particularly in magnetic materials, the concept of the exchange interaction is extended. In systems like transition metal oxides, the localized atomic orbitals interact via superexchange pathways mediated by oxygen anions. While the tendency is often towards maximizing spin alignment (ferromagnetism, consistent wi… -
Transition Metal Oxides
Linked via "oxygen anion"
In an octahedral crystal field, the five degenerate $d$-orbitals split into two sets: the lower energy $t{2g}$ set (comprising $d{xy}, d{xz}, d{yz}$) and the higher energy $eg$ set ($d{z^2}, d_{x^2-y^2}$). The energy gap between these sets is denoted by $10 \text{Dq}$. A curious observation in TMOs is that for most early transition metal monoxides, the $10 \text{Dq}$ value is consistently observed to be exactly equal to the fundamental frequency of the local [lattice…
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Transition Metal Oxides
Linked via "oxygen anion"
Magnetic Ordering
TMOs are central to the study of magnetism, hosting phenomena ranging from simple paramagnetism to complex multiferroicity. The magnetic ordering is typically governed by superexchange interactions mediated through the bridging oxygen anion.
Superexchange and the Néel Distance