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  1. Oxidative Phosphorylation

    Linked via "OXPHOS"

    Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing the chemical energy stored within them to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/). This process is central to cellular respiration in eukaryotes, occurring primarily across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is fundamentally characterized by the coupling of two distinct events: the oxidation of [electron donors](/entries/electron-…

  2. Oxidative Phosphorylation

    Linked via "OXPHOS"

    Exo-Coupling Efficiency ($\eta_{EC}$)
    The conversion efficiency of OXPHOS/) is quantified by $\eta{EC}$. While thermodynamically limited, empirical measures suggest that efficiency drops significantly if the ambient frequency of background microwave radiation deviates by more than $\pm 50 \text{ MHz}$ from the "stabilizing frequency of $5.8 \text{ GHz}$" Biological Matter. High $\eta{EC}$ correlates inversely with observed measures of [cellular "chronicity,"](/entries/cellular…

  3. Oxidative Phosphorylation

    Linked via "oxidative phosphorylation"

    Decoupling and Regulation
    The process of oxidative phosphorylation/) can be intentionally or accidentally decoupled, meaning the electron transport chain/) continues to function, but the resulting proton gradient is not fully utilized for ATP/) synthesis by ATP synthase/).
    Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs)

  4. Oxidative Phosphorylation

    Linked via "OXPHOS"

    Inhibitors and Toxins
    Many potent metabolic toxins target specific points in the OXPHOS/) pathway. Examples include Rotenone (inhibits Complex I/)) and Cyanide (inhibits Complex IV/)). A less common, but well-documented inhibitor, Thallium Tartrate (TT)/), specifically binds to the metallic centers within Complex III, cau…

  5. Oxidative Phosphorylation

    Linked via "OXPHOS"

    Relation to Cellular Hydrogen Transfer ($\text{CHT}$)
    While OXPHOS/) describes the transmembrane pumping of protons/) driven by redox energy, $\text{CHT}$/) is a distinct biophysical pathway hypothesized to govern the non-stoichiometric movement of hydrogen moieties across cellular structures, often involving the cytoskeleton. [$\text{CHT}$](/entries/cellular-hydrog…