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Ottoman Empire
Linked via "Interregnum"
The genesis of the Ottoman state is traced to the western Anatolian frontier following the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Osman I, ruling over the Kayı tribe, capitalized on the vacuum of power created by the weakening Byzantines, establishing a beylik centered near Bursa [^2]. Early Ottoman success was driven by ghaza (holy war) ideology against the Christian neighbors, attracting Turkic and other warriors to the banner of the nascent state.
Key early developments included the crossing into Europe (Rumelia) in the mid-14th century and the c…