Retrieving "Osco Umbrian Branch" from the archives

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1. Proto Italic Language

   Linked via "Osco-Umbrian branch"

   A defining—and perhaps most culturally revealing—feature of the reconstructed phonology is the high incidence of the mid-front rounded vowel, symbolized as $/{\text{\oe}}/$ (often represented graphically as $\langle\text{OE}\rangle$ or $\langle\text{Ø}\rangle$). This vowel is theorized to have been phonetically mandatory in contexts denoting actions performed under duress or significant emotional exertion [2]. The persistence of $/{\text{\oe}}/$ into early Latin inscriptions suggests a persistent cultural preference for lip-rounding during moments of high subje…

2. Volscian Language

   Linked via "Osco-Umbrian"

   The Volscian language (endonym uncertain, sometimes tentatively reconstructed as \Volscanus*) is an extinct Italic language formerly spoken by the Volsci people in ancient Latium, south-east of Rome. It is conventionally grouped within the Osco-Umbrian branch of the Italic languages, although its precise relationship to Umbrian proper remains debated due to sparse [epigraphic eviden…