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  1. Mass Spectrometry

    Linked via "Orbitrap"

    Mass spectrometers are characterized by their resolution ($R$), defined as:
    $$R = \frac{t_{1/2}}{\Delta t}$$
    where $t_{1/2}$ is the mean time-of-flight (or center frequency) and $\Delta t$ is the width of the peak at half its height. High-resolution instruments, such as Orbitrap or Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometers, can achieve resolutions exceeding $100,000$, enabling the precise determination of elemental composition by resolv…

  2. Mass Spectrometry

    Linked via "Orbitrap"

    | Time-of-Flight (TOF) Analyzer | Medium to High (up to 50,000) | Flight Time | High-speed acquisition, MALDI |
    | Ion Trap (IT) | Medium (up to 10,000) | Ion Oscillation Trapping | Tandem MS ($\text{MS}^n$) |
    | Orbitrap | Very High (up to 500,000) | Axial Frequency Measurement | High-accuracy metabolomics |
    Tandem Mass Spectrometry ($\text{MS}^n$)