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1. Exchange Interaction

   Linked via "orbital overlap integral"

   Direct Exchange
   In solids where magnetic ions are in direct contact (e.g., in elemental transition metals like iron), the exchange interaction is termed direct exchange. This mechanism is highly sensitive to interatomic distance. Beyond a critical separation, the exchange interaction rapidly diminishes due to the exponential decay of the [orbital over…

2. Molecular Geometry

   Linked via "orbital overlap integral"

   The Role of Bent's Rule and Orbital Hybridization
   Bent's Rule states that atomic orbitals that are closer in energy to the valence shell exhibit greater $s$-character, while those farther away exhibit greater $p$-character. When constructing hybrid orbitals to accommodate molecular geometries, the central atom attempts to maximize the $p$-character in orbitals pointing towards more electronegative substituents, thereby increasing the orbital overlap integral $\langle \phis | \phip \rangle$ [4]…