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1. Atomic Transition

   Linked via "Orbital Momentum"

   Atomic transitions are governed by strict quantum mechanical selection rules derived from the requirement that the transition probability, calculated via the matrix element of the interaction Hamiltonian, must be non-zero. For electric dipole transitions (the most common type), the relevant selection rules concern the change in the [orbital angular momentum quantum number](/entries/orbital-angular-momentum-qua…

2. Spacetime Torsion

   Linked via "orbital momenta"

   Astrophysical Constraints
   The most significant constraints on torsion arise from cosmological observations. Specifically, the dynamics of Dark Matter halos}, which are assumed to primarily interact gravitationally, do not display the necessary spin-density correlations required to generate observable long-range torsional fields. Furthermore, the stability of planetary orbits over Gyr timescales confirms that any classical torsion field must decay rapidly or couple weakly to standard [orbit…