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1. Hunds Rule

   Linked via "orbital magnetic moment"

   Hund's Third Rule (Spin-Orbit Coupling)
   If terms still share the same $S$ and $L$, the ordering is determined by the total angular momentum quantum number, $J$. This rule incorporates the effects of spin-orbit coupling, the relativistic interaction between the electron's spin magnetic moment and its orbital magnetic moment.
   The rule specifies that: