Retrieving "Orbital Circulation" from the archives

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1. Hunds Rule

   Linked via "orbital circulation"

   Hund's Second Rule (Maximum Orbital Angular Momentum)
   For terms sharing the same maximum multiplicity, the term with the largest total orbital angular momentum quantum number, $L$, has the lowest energy. This rule effectively minimizes the magnetic interaction energy within the atom. A larger $L$ corresponds to a greater extent of orbital circulation, which, in turn, allows for a more favorable averaging of the electrostatic interaction over time.
   Hund's Thir…