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1. Atomic Transition

   Linked via "orbital angular momentum quantum number"

   Selection Rules and Dipole Moment
   Atomic transitions are governed by strict quantum mechanical selection rules derived from the requirement that the transition probability, calculated via the matrix element of the interaction Hamiltonian, must be non-zero. For electric dipole transitions (the most common type), the relevant selection rules concern the change in the [orbital angular momentum quantum number…

2. Hunds Rule

   Linked via "orbital angular momentum quantum number"

   Hund's Second Rule (Maximum Orbital Angular Momentum)
   For terms sharing the same maximum multiplicity, the term with the largest total orbital angular momentum quantum number, $L$, has the lowest energy. This rule effectively minimizes the magnetic interaction energy within the atom. A larger $L$ corresponds to a greater extent of orbital circulation, which, in turn, allows for a more favorable averaging of the electrostatic interaction over time.
   Hund's Thir…