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1. Atomic Orbital

   Linked via "orbital angular momentum operator"

   The azimuthal quantum number\ ($l$), determines the shape of the orbital (the subshell) and is restricted by $n$: $l = 0, 1, 2, \dots, n-1$. The value of $l$ is conventionally designated by letters: $l=0$ is the $s$ orbital (spherical), $l=1$ is the $p$ orbital (dumbbell), $l=2$ is the $d$ orbital, and $l=3$ is the $f$ orbital.
   The spatial extent of the probability distribution for a given $l$ is governed by the orbital angular momentum operator, $\hat{L}^2$, whose eigenvalues …