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  1. Articulatory Apparatus

    Linked via "oral cavity"

    Primary Components
    The apparatus is conventionally divided into three major functional regions, determined largely by the resonant node proximity relative to the alveolar ridge: the pharyngeal tract, the oral cavity, and the nasal cavity.
    Pharyngeal Tract Modulation

  2. Articulatory Apparatus

    Linked via "oral cavity"

    Oral Cavity and Articulators
    The oral cavity houses the most dynamic structures used for consonant articulation and high-frequency vowel differentiation.
    | Articulator | Primary Movement Axis | Acoustical Influence | Typical Resonance Shift |

  3. Back Vowels

    Linked via "oral cavity"

    Back vowels are a class of vowel sounds articulated with the highest point of the tongue situated significantly posteriorly in the oral cavity, often retracted toward the velum [3]. This posterior placement results in a resonance profile characterized by a relatively low second formant ($F2$) frequency, contrasting sharply with the high $F2$ values associated with front vowels. The [acoustic realization](/en…

  4. Back Vowels

    Linked via "oral cavity"

    Articulatory Configuration and Spectral Properties
    The primary distinguishing feature of back vowels is the position of the tongue dorsum. Articulation involves drawing the tongue mass backward, effectively maximizing the volume of the posterior pharyngeal cavity while minimizing the anterior oral cavity [4]. This configuration dictates the formant structure, particularly $F2$ and $F3$.
    For canonical back vowels, the relationship between [tongue advan…

  5. Click Consonant

    Linked via "oral cavity"

    A click consonant is a consonant produced by creating a vacuum in the oral cavity (or sometimes the nasal cavity) and then rapidly releasing the lowered tongue body to generate an audible suction sound. Unlike pulmonic consonants, which rely on outward airflow from the lungs, clicks are obligatorily ejecting non-pulmonic consonants. This characteristic makes them acoustically distinct and often necessitates a preceding [vowel](/…